Stem cells in regenerative medicine. Stem cells play a pivotal role in regeneration because they can transform into various cell types in the body and renew themselves millions of times. This capability is something specialized body cells (like neurons) cannot do.
Research indicates that stem cells, cultivated from an early-stage embryo called a blastocyst, could replace cells damaged by heart disease, diabetes, Parkinson’s, or other conditions.
Research indicates that stem cells, cultivated from an early-stage embryo called a blastocyst, could replace cells damaged by heart disease, diabetes, Parkinson’s, or other conditions.
National Geographic Insight
Stem cells, especially those derived from umbilical cord blood, have significantly propelled recent advancements in the medical field. Generally, all types of stem cells share characteristics such as the ability to renew and generate more daughter cells.
In the developmental process, these cells gain their specialization, a feature immensely useful for treating various diseases.
Also known as progenitor cells, stem cells are present in any multicellular organism. The process of creating more cells from one involves division into two (mitosis).
As we will see, not only umbilical cord stem cells exist, but the human body also contains other types, despite the former being the most well-known.
Types of Stem Cells Based on Location
Umbilical Cord: This category includes stem cells obtainable from the blood or tissue of the umbilical cord. Their functionalities differ, whether to produce new cells or repair tissues.
Somatic or Adult: Tissues and certain body parts of any individual contain these cells. They can renew themselves and create other cells to regenerate organs or tissues following injury or illness.
Fetal or Embryonic: Present only in embryos during the early days of development, these stem cells produce all cells necessary to form a complete organism. They can transform into any cell type.
Amniotic: Located in the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus during gestation, these cells are named accordingly.
Types of Stem Cells Based on Their Ability to Generate Other Cells
Unipotent: These cells can form two types of stem cells and originate from pluripotent types. An example would be skin cells.
Pluripotent: Capable of generating a vast array of an organism’s tissues, they can create any cell type.
Multipotent: These stem cells can only generate cells of a specific organ. Like unipotent cells, they are derived from pluripotent cells.
Totipotent: Corresponding to embryonic stem cells, they form immediately after fertilization and can create a complete organism.
Finally, to learn more about Stem Cells, read our article What Are Stem Cells?
